Corelatii intre NAO si zapadaDECADAL VARIABILITY OF RUSSIAN WINTER SNOW
ACCUMULATION AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH ATLANTIC SEA
SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES
"The strength of the NAO is linked directly to winter surface air
temperature and precipitation anomalies over northern Eurasia"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0088(20001130)20:14%3C1709::AID-JOC573%3E3.0.CO;2-6/pdfSNOW COVER IN EASTERN EUROPE IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE,
PRECIPITATION AND CIRCULATION
The basic characteristics of snow cover occurrence in eastern Europe are described. For each month from October to
May the range of ‘active’ snow-cover areas in Europe was determined. The boundary criterion for ‘active’ regions
was adopted as snow-cover probability of between 10 and 90%. The correlation coefficients between the snow-cover
characteristics (number of days with snow cover and its monthly mean depth) and other climatic variables (temperature
and precipitation) were calculated. A strong positive correlation between the annual number of days with snow cover and
the annual number of days with mean temperature <0°C was discovered for most parts of the study area. A negative
correlation between the monthly number of days with snow cover and monthly mean temperature was found and its
spatial distribution was analysed. A positive correlation between snow depth and precipitation appeared significant only
in some areas. The influence of atmospheric circulation, expressed by North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) index values, on
snow cover in the particular months was analysed.
The correlation between the number of days with snow cover and the
NAO index is large and statistically significant only in central Europe and it becomes insignificant to the east of 30° λE. High values are noted only in the winter months. In autumn and spring, when the range of the ‘active’ areas moves
to the east and the NAO becomes weak, the correlation is very small.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.1014/pdf*************
Arctic warming, atmospheric blocking and
cold European winters in CMIP5 models
"In this section we analyse the surface air temperature from the
12 models to determine if there is a relationship between Arctic
warming and the occurrence of cold winter anomalies over
Europe.We follow the approach of YC in defining a cold winter
month (CWM) to occur when the surface air temperature
averaged over the central European region (10–30E, 45–55N)
falls below the climatological mean of the present day period"
http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/9/1/014002/pdf/1748-9326_9_1_014002.pdf***********
SNOW COVER IN WESTERN POLAND AND MACRO-SCALE
CIRCULATION CONDITIONS
"The aim of the study was to find out the connection between the nature of winters in the western part of Poland (excluding
the Sudety mountains) and the fluctuation in the atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic region determined by the
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. An attempt was made to establish the correlation between the NAO index
and specific meteorological parameters in Poznan. The strongest positive correlation was obtained for the mean winter ´
temperature (December–March) and strong negative correlation was found for the number of days with snow cover. Winter
precipitation in Poznan was least associated with the NAO. The correlation coefficient was small and not significant. In ´
the next stage of the study, the area of western Poland was examined; however, only one parameter, i.e. the number of
days with snow cover, was taken into consideration. At each of 29 stations distributed in the study area the number of
days with snow cover was proved to be strongly negatively correlated with the NAO index. Finally, the frequency of
air flow directions was taken into consideration and their association with the NAO was examined. A strong negative
correlation was obtained for the frequency of northeasterly and easterly air flow directions and a strong positive correlation
was calculated for the frequency of westerly and northwesterly airflow directions. Such findings are consistent with the
westerly flow of air masses during the positive phase and with the northerly and easterly flows during the negative phase.
The results lead to the conclusion that the positive phase of the NAO causes mild and less snowy winters, whereas
the negative phase increases the probability of severe and snowy winters in western Poland."
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.752/pdf*****
SPRING NORTHWARD RETREAT OF EURASIAN SNOW COVER RELEVANT
TO SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC
CIRCULATION
EURASIAN SNOW COVER AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.903/pdf************
Freshwater and brine behaviors in the Arctic Ocean deduced
from historical data of D18O and alkalinity (1929–2002 A.D.)"two circulation
regimes of wind-driven circulation in the modeled Arctic
Ocean: cyclonic and anticyclonic regimes, which are the
response of the ocean to atmospheric fluctuations. Our
results have been divided into two groups of cyclonic years
(
1953 – 1957, 1964 – 1971, 1980 – 1983, 1989 – 1996, and
2001– 2002) and anticyclonic years (
1946 – 1952, 1958–
1963, 1972 – 1979, 1984 – 1988, and 1997– 2000) following
Proshutinsky and Johnson [1997]"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004JC002793/pdf